Educator Safety Task Force: Roadmap for Action
The Colorado Educator Safety Task Force (ESTF) was established by state legislation (HB24-1320) to investigate system-wide concerns regarding educator safety, specifically focusing on aggressive or violent behavior by students toward school staff. The seventeen-member task force met monthly from September 2024 to June 2025. Additionally, four subcommittees, comprising numerous experts with diverse backgrounds, also met monthly to support the ESTF's efforts.
ESTF subcommittees:
- Incident Response Models
- School Culture and Community Relations
- Alternative Placements
- Educator Perspectives, Supports & Training
ESTF School Staff Survey
A survey of over 1,100 educators and school staff, conducted by Confluence Policy and Strategy Group, revealed a significant problem with violence in schools, contrary to prior limited data suggesting only isolated incidents. The findings, which included quantitative, qualitative, and anecdotal data, aligned with research from the American Psychological Association (APA) indicating an increase in violent behavior since the return to in-person learning post-COVID.

With input of the subcommittees, the data from the survey and the insights gained through the robust discussions at each Task Force meeting, the ESTF members identified five key takeaways and guiding beliefs.
Key Takeaways and Guiding Beliefs:
- Action is needed at multiple levels including the individual staff member, building, district, state and educator preparation programs with communities and key partners having a role in each;
- School climate and culture are critical to reducing, managing and post-incident response. This includes a culture of belonging for all students and a trauma-informed philosophy in the school;
- Training, particularly de-escalation and individual classroom crisis response, should be provided on a continuous basis beginning during preparation or role-specific training and should be part of both onboarding and annual continuous education or development for all staff;
- School funding and resource allocation has a direct effect on educator safety including the adult to student ration in classrooms, number of mental or behavioral health experts available and the options available for alternative placement within or outside of the home school;
- Additional funding is needed and while the greatest and ideal impact will be achieved with substantial funding, actions can be taken on all identified levers by all identified partners with limited new resources.
The heart of the issue
The result are alarming

Have you had a student attempt to cause physical injury to you or another adult in your presence?
- 74.49% Yes
- 25.51% No
Have you been physically injured by a student?
- 50.10% Yes
- 49.90% No

"Our staff has been injured several times since 2020.
Numbers are greater than 10 workman's comp claims per year."
Hear what school staff has to say
“I wish the people who are making the rules and regulations had a better understanding of what teaching is really like and what we go through. I know that students have rights, as they should, but it doesn't feel like schools or staff members have rights.”
“I believe every incident is recorded at our school. However, it does at times feel like you have done something wrong, even when you are trying to protect the student, students around them and staff the best way that you could in the moment.”
"It is hard to put a number on [how many times I've been physically injured by a student]. It has happened daily this school year, usually multiple times per day."
"I'm currently waiting to have surgery for a torn ligament that was the result of a student [induced] injury in December
In their own words

"I was discouraged from seeking medical a attention that would have entitled
me to workman's comp and repeatedly told I was overreacting and at fault by admin."
Roadmap For Action!
A Framework for Action
Drawing from subcommittee input, survey data, and extensive Task Force discussions, the ESTF has developed a four-category framework for action. This Roadmap for Action specifically targets physical violence by students against educators and staff in schools. It stresses that effective solutions must be tailored to the unique context of each school or system and addresses needs and opportunities across four points along a continuum.:
- Reducing the number of incidents of aggressive or violent behavior by a student toward an educator or staff member; and
- Minimizing the disruption, harm, cost and effect on staff retention of any incidents; and
- Ensuring the wellness of all involved with or affected by such incidents.
Key aspects of the roadmap include:
- Multi-faceted approach: A cornerstone of state and local efforts should be a comprehensive strategy to reduce incidents.
- Focus areas: This includes attention to school climate and culture, staff de-escalation skills, and staffing structures designed to identify risks and intervene early.
- Continuum of action: The roadmap outlines steps across three points:
- Pre-Incident Actions and Systems to Reduce and Prepare for Incidents
- Actions and Systems for Incident Response and Management
- Post-Incident Actions, Systems, and Restorative Practices to Support All Involved
- Role-specific roadmaps: These are available for educators, building leaders, district leaders, state agencies, and partners (including educator prep programs, professional development providers, and community members), and can be obtained from the Office of School Safety.
Roadmap Details
Number One, Pre-Incident: Incident Reduction & Preparation
Training: All school staff require de-escalation training; those with students need specialized instruction. Schools must have clear incident response plans, detailing every adult's role.
Identify Crisis Response Team: Schools should clearly define their Classroom Incident Response Teams (CIRT) and how roles adjust. Leaders must ensure all staff know the CIRT and its purpose.
Staffing: Prioritize increased student access to mental health services and lower adult-to-student ratios. These improvements demand strategic, funded short and long-term plans.
Space to Recalibrate and Recharge: Implement "Tap-In/Tap-Out" for quick student and teacher breaks. Teachers should be able to request coverage via school communication.
Systems: Districts need flexible systems for schools to prepare adults for incident response and resource knowledge. This includes technical tools, protocols, and communication standards.
Conditions: School leaders must create positive climates where students feel safe and connected. Staff should be trauma-informed, and physical spaces should allow student re-regulation or separation.
Number Two, Incident Response: Managing Incidents
Technical & Communications: Schools need reliable communication systems and equipment for instant contact between classrooms, response teams, and emergency services. Staff must be thoroughly trained on various communication methods and protocols, considering system reliability and communication range.
Classroom Incident Response Team (CIRT): Every school should have a trained CIRT ready for rapid response to escalating behavior, ideally with a co-responder model including security and mental health specialists. These teams need clear roles and should train regularly through exercises, sometimes involving school staff.
Immediate Response Protocols: All staff must know their roles and responsibilities during incident response, from the response team to neighboring rooms. Protocols should be tiered by severity, prioritizing safety, de-escalation, and a quick transition to post-incident management.
Physical Space: Effective incident management requires strategic use of physical space to separate aggressive students and provide safe areas for others. Response teams and staff should know options for utilizing various spaces, like empty classrooms or common areas.
School Community Management: Schools must plan to contain disruptions and minimize impact on those not directly involved in incidents. The priority is ensuring overall school safety and providing responders adequate space to resolve situations without further disruption.
Number Three, Post Incident: Recovery & Return
Educator Supports: Districts must create trauma-informed plans to support staff after student assaults, ensuring adequate time off, wellness care, and clear access to resources like counseling and workers' compensation. These plans should be part of state safety frameworks.
Processes to Support All Affected: Schools need formal processes to document, debrief, and learn from violent incidents. These processes should also support other staff and students affected by the event.
Restorative Processes: Schools should appropriately explore restorative practices as a holistic response to incidents. These can involve the student, adult, or focus on returning the classroom or school community to learning.
Reporting System & Standards: The state must mandate schools to report minimal incident facts to the Colorado Department of Education. This will provide crucial data on the problem's scope and support needs, addressing underreporting.
Communications: Schools require clear policies for timely and private communication about incidents to directly impacted families. Standards for broader communication to families and staff should prioritize safety, privacy, and the impact of information sharing.
Everyone deserves to be safe

Number Four, Other: System & Partners
Public Awareness: Inform leaders and the public about the scope of student violence and its impact on educator satisfaction and retention.
Alternative Placements: Address the dramatic reduction in Colorado's alternative education campuses (AECs). State leaders should increase AECs and support staffing/transportation to serve more students with behavioral needs.
Affective Needs Centers: Expand in-school Affective Needs Centers (ANCs) for students with significant social, emotional, and behavioral challenges. These programs provide structured environments for skill development while maintaining academic access.
Educator & Administrator Training: All preparation and training programs should include de-escalation skills for educators and incident response/positive culture for administrators. Professional development providers should offer courses in de-escalation, crisis response, and restorative processes.
Continuous Learning & Improvement: State and district leaders must continuously learn from educator experiences and school climate dynamics. This ongoing learning should inform supports for schools, response protocols, and educator aid.
Educator and School Staff: These professionals identify risks, de-escalate incidents, and manage real-time situations. They must participate in training, foster a culture of belonging, and be familiar with response protocols and self-care resources.
Building Leaders: School leaders own the school culture and comprehensive incident response plans. They must articulate a welcoming vision, prepare for all scenarios, and advocate for necessary resources and system changes.
District Leaders: District leaders set system-wide standards and protocols for incident response. They advocate for resources, hold building leaders accountable, and facilitate partnerships with external experts and emergency services.
State Agencies: State agencies like the Colorado Department of Education and Office of School Safety should collaborate to provide training and technical assistance. They may also mandate data collection.
Educator Preparation: Preparation programs and professional development providers should work with schools to include critical skills. These include de-escalation, crisis response, trauma training, and promoting a culture of belonging.
Role-specific roadmaps
These are available for educators, building leaders, district leaders, state agencies, and partners (including educator prep programs, professional development providers, and community members). They follow the same principles outlined above, but are specifically tailored for key roles within the educational system.
- ESTF Roadmap: Educators & School Staff [TODO: make button, add link]
- ESTF Roadmap: Building Leaders [TODO: make button, add link]
- ESTF Roadmap: District Leaders [TODO: make button, add link]
- ESTF Roadmap: State Agencies [TODO: make button, add link]
- ESTF Roadmap: Prep Programs [TODO: make button, add link]
- ESTF Educator Survey [TODO: make button, add link]
"I wish I had been humanized. I wish I had worked with supervisors who acknowledged
me as a person who was injured and made an effort to respond to the root cause of
inadequate support for a student in need of better mental health support."
Resources Available Now
List of OSS Resources
The contributors that made this possible
ESTF Membership List
Legislatively Designated Appointees
Chris Harms | Director, Colorado Office of School Safety, Department of Public Safety |
Susana Córdova | Commissioner of Education |
Brent Reckman | Administrator from a district charter school |
Laura Carno | Individual that works for a nonprofit entity that focuses on school safety |
Jamie Montoya-De Smidt | Educational support professional |
Lisa Humberd | Representative of a statewide organization that represents students with disabilities |
Rottwa Ivestor | Educational support professional |
Darren Joiner | Administrator from a charter school |
Elsa Bañuelos-Lindsay | Representative from an organization that receives Title I funding |
Melissa Mahlke | Teacher from a rural district |
Suzie McGhghy | Educational Support Professional |
Jim Plott | Teacher from a charter school |
Susan Rayburn | Teacher from an urban district |
Marsia Ronyak | Teacher from a suburban district |
Faith Schmeling | Student |
Danette Smith | Commissioner of Behavioral Health Administration |
Luke Yoder | Certified Restorative Justice Professional |
Chris Zimmerman | Administrator from a public school |
Honorary Members
Margaret Ochoa | Manager, Colorado School Safety Resource Center, Office of School Safety |
Ali DeCaro | Special education teacher, St. Vrain Valley Schools |
Finessa Ferrell | Senior Learning and Engagement Strategist, Colorado Education Initiative |
Dustin Geist | Board Certified Behavior Analyst |
Christina Monaco | Executive Director, Field Services and Supports, Colorado Department of Education |
Amy Schamberg | Mental health professional |
Robin Singer | Supervisor of Student Services and Support, Office of Facility Schools |
Chris Slobodnik | Assistant Director of Student Services, Pueblo County School District 70 |
Brandon Smith | Licensed clinical social worker |